The term hemorrhoids refers to the condition in which the veins around the anus or lower rectum are swollen and inflamed hemorrhoids (also known as hemorrhoids, or pile) are varicosities or swollen and inflammation of veins in the rectum and anus.
Hemorrhoids are either inside the anus (internal) or under the skin around the anus.
1. External hemorrhoids:
External hemorrhoids are those that occur outside of the anal verge (the distal end of the anal canal). They are sometimes painful and can be accompanied by swelling and irritation.
2. Internal hemorrhoids: 
Internal hemorrhoids are those that occur inside the rectum as this area lacks pain receptors. Internal hemorrhoids are usually not painful and most people are not aware that they have them.
Internal hemorrhoids, however may bleed when irritated.
Hemorrhoids are common in both men and women.
Hemorrhoids in pregnant women:
Hemorrhoids are also common among pregnant women. The pressure of the fetus in the abdomen, as well as normal changes causes the hemorrhoids vessels to enlarge. These vessels are also placed under severe pressure during childbirth.
For most women however, hemorrhoids caused by pregnancy are a temporary problem.
Causes:
1. Staring to move stool.
2. Pregnancy
3. Aging
4. Chronic constipation
5. Diarrhea
6. Mostly sitting
7. Obesity
8. Hypertension
9. Inadequate intake of fiber
10. Tumors of pelvis
Symptoms:
1. Pain in anal canal
2. Bleeding during passing stool
3. Itching around rectum also called pruritis ani
4. Pain during passing stool
5. Irritation after passing stool
6. Protruding hemorrhoids
Internal hemorrhoids are bright red blood covering the stool, on toilet paper, or in the toilet bowl. However internal hemorrhoids may protrude through the anus out side the body, becoming irritated and painful. This is known as a protruding hemorrhoid.
7. Thrombosed hemorrhoids
External hemorrhoids may include painful swelling or a hard lump around the anus that result when a blood clot forms. This condition is known as thrombosed external hemorrhoids.
Homeopathic medication:
Arsenicum album, Aloe, Calc flour, Collinsonia, Hammamelis, Lachesis, Nitric acid, Nux vom, Ratania, Sulphur
Nausea and vomiting are not diseases but rather are symptoms of many different conditions, such as
3. Motion sickness.
4. Over eating.
5. Blocked intestine.
6. Illness.
7. Concussion or brain injury.
8. Appendicitis.
9. Migraines.
Nausea and vomiting can sometime be symptoms of more serious diseases such as
1. Heart attacks.
2. Kidney or liver disorders.
3. Central nervous system disorders.
4. Brain tumors.
5. Some forms of cancer.
Nausea:
Nausea is an uneasiness of the stomach that often accompanies the urge to vomit, but don’t always lead to vomiting.
Vomiting:
1. Vomiting is the forcible emptying (“throwing up”) of stomach contents through the mouth.
2. Usually vomiting is harmless, but it can be a sign of more serious illness. Some examples of serious condition may bring on nausea or vomiting includes concussions, encephalitis, meningitis, intestinal blockage, appendicitis and migraine and brain tumors.
3. Another concern with vomiting is dehydration. Adults have a lower risk of becoming dehydrated because they can usually detect the symptoms of dehydration (such as increased thirst and dry lips and mouth). Children have a great risk of becoming dehydrated, especially if the vomiting occurs with diarrhea, because young children may often be unable to tell an adult about the symptoms of dehydration.
4. Pregnant women also experience nausea and vomiting. Commonly referred to as morning sickness.
It is estimated that 50 to 90 percent women experience nausea while 25 to 55 percent experience vomiting.
Causes:
1. The causes of nausea and vomiting are quite similar. Many things can bring on nausea.
2. Some common causes are seasickness and other motion sickness, early pregnancy, intense of pain, exposure to chemical toxins, emotional stress (fear), gall bladder diseases, food poisoning, indigestion, various viruses and certain smell or odors.
How to control nausea?
1. If u feel nausea take a cup of tea it clear the nausea symptom within a minute.
1. Drink clear or ice-cold drinks.
2. Eat light, bland foods (such as salting crackers or plain bread).
3. Avoid fried, greasy, sweet foods.
4. Eat slowly and eat smaller, more frequent meals.
5. Do not mix hot and cold foods.
6. Avoid activity after eating.
7. Avoid bushing your teeth after eating.
8. Choose foods from all the food groups as you can tolerate them to get adequate nutrition.
Definition:
The pelvic is shallow bony cavity through which the fetus must pass during labour.
Function:
The primary function of the pelvic girdle is to allow movement of the 
body, especially walking and running. It permits the person to sit and kneel. The women’s pelvis is adapted for child bearing and because of its increase width and rounded brim women are less speedy than men. The pelvis transmits the weight of trunk to the legs, acting as a bridge between the femurs.
The pelvis also takes the weight of the sitting body on to the Ischial tuberosities. The sacrum transmits the cauda equina and distributes the nerves to the various parts of the pelvis.
Pelvic bones:
There are four pelvic bones.
1. Two in nominate (nameless) or hip bones
2. One sacrum
3. One coccyx
Details:
Innominate bone:
Each innominate bone is composed of three parts.
1. The Ilium:
The Ilium is the large flared-out-part. When the hands are placed on the hip it rests of on the iliac crest, which is the upper part.
2. The Ischium:
The ischium is the thick lower part. It has a large prominence known as the ischial tuberosity, on which the body rests when sitting.
3. The pubic bone:
This bone forms the anterior part. It has a body and two oar like projection, the superior rams and the inferior ramus. The two public bones meet at the symphysis pubis and the two inferior rami form the pubic arch.
The sacrum:
The sacrum is a wedge shaped bone consisting of five fused vertebrae. The upper border of the sacral vertebrae just forward and is known as the sacral promontory. The anterior surface of the sacrum is concave and is referred to as the hollow of the sacrum. Laterally the sacrum extends into a wing or ala. Four pairs of holes or foramina pierce the sacrum and, through these, nerves from the cauda equina emerge to supply the pelvic organs. The posterior surface is roughened to receive attachments of muscles.
The coccyx:
The coccyx is a vestigial tail. It consists of four fused vertebrae forming a small triangular bone.
The pelvic floor is formed by the soft tissues that fill the outlet of pelvis. The most important of these is the strong diaphragm of muscle slung like a hammock from the wall of the pelvis. Through it pass the urethra, the vagina and the anal canal.
Function:
The pelvic floor supports the weight of the abdominal and pelvic organs. Its muscles are responsible for the voluntary control of micturition and defecation and play an important part in sexual intercourse. During childbirth it influences the passive movements of the fetus through the birth canal and relaxes to allow the exit of the fetus from the pelvis.
Muscle layer:
The superficial layer:
This layer is composed of five muscles.
1. The external anal sphincter encircles the anus and is attached behind by few fibers to the coccyx.
2. The transverse perineal muscles pass from the ischial tuberosities to the center of the perineum.
3. The bulbocavernosus muscle pass from the perineum forwards around the vagina to the corpora cavernosa of the clitoris just under the pubic arch.
4. The ischiocavernosus muscles pass from the ischial tuberosities along the pubic arch to the corpora cavernosa.
5. The membranous sphincter of the urethra is composed of muscles fibers passing above and below the urethra and attached to the pubic bones. It is not a true sphincter since it is not circular, but it acts to close the urethra.
The deep layer:
This layer is composed of three pairs of muscles, which together are known as the levator ani muscles (left and right) consist of following:
1. The pubococcygeus muscle passes from the pubic to the coccyx, with a few fibers crossing over in the perineal body to form its deepest part.
2. The iliococcygeus muscle passes from the fascia covering the obturator internus muscle (the white line of the pelvic fascia) to the coccyx.
3. The ischiococcygeus muscle passes from the ischial spine to the coccyx, in front of the sacrospinous ligament.
Between the muscle layers, and also above and below them, there are layers of pelvic fascia. This is loose areolar tissue that is used like packing material in the space. The tissue that fills the triangular space between the bulbocavernosus, the ischiocavernosus and the transverse perineal muscles is known as the triangular ligament.
The perineal body:
This is a pyramid of muscle and fibrous tissue situated between the vagina and the rectum. It is made up of the fibers from the muscles described above. The apex, which is the deepest part, is formed from the fibers of the pubococcygeus muscle, which cross over at this point; the base is formed from the transverse perineal muscles, which meet in the perineum, together with the bulbocavernosus in front and the external anal sphincter behind. The perineal body measures 4 cm in each direction.