Natural Health And Beauty Tips

Blisters on feet

2011-12-11T05:00:00.001-08:00

Blisters on feet due to shoes are the common problem for walkers. Blisters can be painful. Most foot blisters can be treated by using home made remedy.

Treatment:

Apply albumen (white part of egg) on the blisters of feet and dry it under the fan’s air. Blisters will cure soon.

Tomato mask

2010-10-14T11:43:00.000-07:00

Tomato a ingredient that use in our daily routine. No any kitchen counter is without it. Tomatoes are available whole year. Tomatoes ranked high in anti-ageing products as well as tomatoes are also rich in anti-oxidants.

Every one need to eat a tomato daily.It is best for every type of skin. Tomato contains vitamins A,B & C. These makes skin fresh and soft.Tomato juice is a good remedy for sunburns.

For oily skin: apply tomato paste on face and leave it for up to fifteen minutes. It absorb oil and helps to get rid from pimples and acne.

For dry skin: apply tomato paste with addition of a day old curd. It gives best result for your skin.

Whiten Nails

2010-10-13T09:52:00.000-07:00

Natural nails care is very easy and it needs ten minutes. use the tip for whiten nails.

For whiten nails pour water in a bowl.Add the denture tablet in the water. Soak hands for ten minutes in the mixture. After ten minute rinse it with little hot water.

Cracked Lips

2010-09-15T09:22:00.000-07:00

Medically it is known as cheilitis.It's caused by several things.Mostly

people known that it is fact of licking their lips during cold weather

and they use Vaseline or chap stick in winter.

Skin on the lips is most sensitive then the skin on the eyes.Excessive

licking also caused the chapped lips.Thousands of people have habit to

licking their lips regularly.This routinly licking can caused skin

irritation around the mouth.

Mostly children are the addicted of this habit.

Moisturize Lips:

Skin of the lips are most sensitive then the skin of the lips. We give

a lot of time to our body and face skin but remember moisturize your

lips consistently can prevent you from the chapped lips.

Moisturize lips with a natural ointment is better then applying

Vaseline or chap stick.

Depression

2010-09-14T05:20:00.000-07:00

Depression is an emotional stage marked by great sadness feeling of worthlessness and guilt with drawl from others loss of sleep appetite and sexual desire or loss of interest and pleasure in usual activities.

Symptoms:

1. Sad

2. Depressed mood most of the day nearly everyday

3. Loss of interest and pleasure in usual activities

4. Difficulties in sleeping

5. Change in activity level either lethargic or agitated

6. Poor appetite or weight loss

7. Increase appetite or gone in weight

8. Loss of energy great fatigue

9. Self blame feeling of guilt

10. Slowed thinking and indecisiveness

11. Recurrent thought or death or suicide

Spermatorrhoea

2010-09-14T03:02:00.000-07:00

Involuntary seminal emission during sleep and other times is called spermatorrhoea.

Symptoms:

1. Depression of spirits

2. Breathlessness and irritability

3. Weakness of memory

4. Indecision and loss of memory moral control

5. Weakness and pain in back

6. Indigestion

7. Palpitation

8. Headache

9. Damp hand and moist skin

10. Paleness of face

11. Impotency

12. Remorse

Causes:

1. Irritability of bladder

2. Indigestion with constipation

3. Rectal irritation from worms

4. Excessive ridding

5. Sexual excesses

6. Disease of brain or spinal cord

7. High caloric diet

Remedies:

Baryta Carb, China, Phosphoric Acid, Natrum Phos, Staphysagria, Gelsemium, Nux Vomica, Picric Acid.

Sciatica

2010-09-14T02:56:00.000-07:00

Sciatica is defined as a pain which travels from the lower back through the buttocks and into the leg.

Sciatica nerve is the largest nerve in the body which starts as the 4th and 5th lumbar vertebrae and ends up to the feet.

Symptoms:

1. Affect one side of the body

2. Dull, sharp, burning or accompanied by periodical shocks of tearing pain.

3. Worse with both prolonged sitting and standing may be when trying to stand from sitting position.

4. May be felt at coughing, sneezing, bending or walking.

5. Weakness may be felt in the leg or foot.

Causes:

1. Pinched or injured sciatic nerve

2. Disk slip

3. Aging or osteoporosis

4. Spinal stenosis

5. Spinal tumors

Learn Easy Eye Makeup By Self

2009-11-26T07:42:00.000-08:00

Eye Makeup

2009-11-26T06:31:00.000-08:00

beauty tips

2009-11-26T06:08:00.000-08:00

BURNING SENSATION

2009-11-23T13:49:00.000-08:00

Burning sensation can feel on any part of the body. It can feel in eyes, ear, under arms anywhere on skin surface, after sweat and in the internal parts of the body like in esophagus, stomach burning, while passing the urine, stool.

Burning feelings can take a variety of patterns. Local infections or inflammation can cause burning or irritation. The term paresthesias is used for burning-like feelings often described as pins-and-needles, prickling, or crawling sensations.

Mostly burning feel while passing urine. It can occur for various reasons including various sexually transmitted diseases, bladder conditions, urethral conditions and other causes of urethritis. See also urinary pain and causes of urethral pain or burning (e.g. urethritis) for more general description of pain or burning related to the urinary tract.

ARSENIC ALB 200:
• Terrible burning on any surface.
• Acute burning sensation in brain, inner head, in throat, in lungs, in breasts, in stomach, in vagina, in bladder or in skin.
• With prostration and restlessness.
• Aggravation at night.
• Better by hot bath, by hot food.
• Worse by cold application.
• Acute cases.

CANTHARIS 200:
• Sensation of burning on face, mouth, throat, esophagus, stomach. Biting heat.
• Erysipelas of face. Large blisters.
• With urinary irritation. Copious urine.
• Burning in soles at night.
• Patient moans.

PHOSPHORUS 200:
• Burning in intense degree in various parts; face. Mouth, lungs. Stomach, small intestines, anus, up the spine anus the palm of the hand.

SULPHUR 200:
• Burning with itching.
• Filthy persons. Unclean habits. Dry, scaly, unhealthy skin.
• Burning anywhere—inside head, margins of eyes, in nose, on face, in mouth, on tongue, in sore throat, on nipples, in stomach, in passing urine, in vagina, in rectum, in piles, in hands, on palms of hands, in feet, on soles of feet.
• Every little injury suppurates.
• Worse washing, stretching and at night.
• Chronic cases, as against Arsenic Alb in acute cases.

ARSENIC ALB 200:
• Terrible burning on any surface.
• Acute burning sensation in brain, inner head, in throat, in lungs, in breasts, in stomach, in vagina, in bladder or in skin.
• With prostration and restlessness.
• Aggravation at night.
• Better by hot bath, by hot food.
• Worse by cold application.
• Acute cases.

CANTHARIS 200:
• Sensation of burning on face, mouth, throat, esophagus, stomach. Biting heat.
• Erysipelas of face. Large blisters.
• With urinary irritation. Copious urine.
• Burning in soles at night.
• Patient moans.

PHOSPHORUS 200:
• Burning in intense degree in various parts; face. Mouth, lungs. Stomach, small intestines, anus, up the spine anus the palm of the hand.

SULPHUR 200:
• Burning with itching.
• Filthy persons. Unclean habits. Dry, scaly, unhealthy skin.
• Burning anywhere—inside head, margins of eyes, in nose, on face, in mouth, on tongue, in sore throat, on nipples, in stomach, in passing urine, in vagina, in rectum, in piles, in hands, on palms of hands, in feet, on soles of feet.
• Every little injury suppurates.
• Worse washing, stretching and at night.
• Chronic cases, as against Arsenic Alb in acute cases.

COLD SORES/HERPES SIMPLEX

2009-11-23T13:45:00.000-08:00

Mostly children up to 5 years suffer from primary cold sores. But adults in the medical profession might also face this problem because of infection of the skin around the nails. No pus forms in such cases.
Sexual intercourse can cause primary genital herpes in adult if one party is infected.
The symptoms include a feeling of feverishness, at times blisters, bleeding ulcers of the lips and the inside of the cheeks, of the gums, the tongue, of the vulva and vagina in girls.

HEPAR SULPH 200:
• Threatened suppuration.
• Ulcers very sensitive to touch, burning, stinging, and easily bleeding.
• Offensive exhalation from the body.
• Pricking sensation in affected parts.
• In males, herpes ulcers on the outer surface of the prepuce.
• In women, abscess of the labia.

NITRIC ACID 200:
• Bleeding ulcers. Black pores on face.
• Genital herpes. Soreness and burning in glands penis and under the prepuce. Stinging pain. Pus.

RANGUNCULUS BULBOSUS 30:
• Vesicles of bluish color. Burning, stitching pains.
• As eruptions dry, terrible itching. Sensitive to touch.
• Worse in cold air, in damp weather.

RHUS TOX 200:
• An excellent medicine for herpes simplex. Itching, burning. Tingling pain. Fever.
• Chronic suppurating eruptions of the face. Blisters. Swelling.

BED SORES

2009-11-23T13:37:00.000-08:00

Bed-ridden patients experience continuous pressure over the bones of the elbows and around the buttocks. They develop skin ulcers on this account. To begin with there is a mild redness over a bony protraction. Later tenderness develops and then the skin cracks. An ulcers forms and unless it is treated it becomes infected.

ARNICA 200:
A prophylactic. It prevents bed sores. It cures as well.

CALENDULA (mother tincture):
Apply locally on the bed sores. It gives tremendous relief.

PAEONIA 30:
1 Chronic ulcers on account of bed sores. There is itching and burning.2 Ulcers below coccyx, around sacrum.

SULPHUR 200:
1 When bed sores turn gangrenous.
2 In all other cases of bed sores Sulphur 200 should be given early morning once in 4 days.

SULPHUR ACID 200:
1 Carbuncles ,boils and other infected spots in bed sores. The skin is livid, red and has itching blotches.

BLISTERS

2009-11-23T13:32:00.000-08:00

When skin is injured by sunburn, heat or by friction, clear fluid, which is a part of blood, accumulates under the skin and a swelling is formed. This is called a blister. Do not burst it. This way you can avoid inflection.

Homeopathic remedies:

APIS 200:
• When a blister is caused by an insect bite, apis is the remedy.

ACID PHOS 200:
• Crusty blisters which form in typhoid fever.

CANTHARIS 200:
• An excellent medicine. To be taken internally. Eases pain within a short time.
• Cantharis mother tincture, diluted in cold water, one to ten, should be applied on the surface of the blisters repeatedly.
• Pain as well as swelling subsides.

HEPAR SULPH 200:
• If pus starts forming in the blisters and there is shooting pain.

NATRUM MUR 200:
• Blisters which form during intermittent fevers like malaria, typhoid.

ACNE VULGARIS

2009-11-23T13:08:00.000-08:00

A very common skin condition in which, a sebaceous gland which is meant to lubricate the skin gets blocked. The problem occurs generally in adolescence. The gland becomes infected and pus builds behind the blockage.
Acne occurs in the shape of small red pimples and black-heads on the face, neck, shoulders, chest and back.

Acne can appear as any of the following congested pores
White head
Black head
Pimples
Pustules or cyst (deep pimple)

Cyst:
In severe acne, the inflammation in the cysts which have formed becomes very painful. If the inflammation is right near the surface, you get a pustule; if its deeper a papule (pimple); deeper still and it’s a cyst.

White heads:
White heads results when a pore is completely blocked, trapping sebum (oil), bacteria, and skin cells.

Black heads:
If the oil becomes oxidized, the oil changes from white to black, and the result is black head.

Papules:
Papules are inflamed, red, tender bumps with no head.

Pustules:
A pustule is similar to a white head but it inflamed, and appears as a red circle with white or yellow center.

Adolescents should know that acne cannot be prevented. It can however be controlled. Cleanliness of the skin and sunbathing, where possible, help the cure.
Acne pimples should not be squeezed or pinched.
Sometimes elimination of fats, chocolates and dry fruit from diet helps. So does a diet of fresh fruit and vegetables.
Do not worry about acne. Everyone has it.
Homeopathic Remedies:

ASTERIAS RUBENS 30:
• A disposition to pimples at adolescence. Pimples occur on the side of nose, chin and mouth. Red pimples.

HEPAR SULPH 200:
• Pimples are full of pus, with shooting pain. The skin is unhealthy.
• Better in damp weather; from warmth.
• Worse from dry cold wind.

MERC SOL:
• Tendency to pus-filled acne.

SULPHUR 200:
• There are pimply eruptions and pustules on the face or anywhere on the skin.
• The treatment can begin with one dose of Sulphur 200. This dose can be repeated once every week, while the other selected medicine is used regularly.

Muscles cramps

2009-11-19T09:26:00.000-08:00

Every body has experience of cramps. It held in any muscle of the body like; in leg, hip, back, arm, hand muscles. Mostly people unknown about this they do not know what is cramp? How’s it held?
Muscles cramps are defined in various conditions;
• A muscles cramp is defined as involuntarily and forcibly contracted muscles that do not relax.
• Muscles cramps can last anywhere from a few seconds to a quarter of an hour and occasionally longer.
• The cramp may involve a part of a muscle the entire muscles, or several muscles that usually act together.
• Cramps are extremely common, and may affect people of all ages.

Types
There are many types of muscles cramps some are as follow;

• “True”: cramps involve part or all of a single muscle or a group of muscles that generally act together, such as the muscles that flex several adjutant fingers. In simple words simple cramp is called true cramp.

• Injury: persistent muscles spasm may occur as a protective mechanism following an injury. Such as a broken bone.

• Vigorous activity: true cramp may also result from vigorous physical activity or later, sometimes many hours later like during playing, exercise, bending etc.

• Rest cramps: especially in adults, older cramps at rest (often during the night) are very common like; change side during sleep. Rest cramp may be experienced at any age, however, including during childhood.

• Dehydration: sports and other vigorous activities can cause excessive fluid lose from perspiration, so the result is cramp. This type of cramp is very often during playing especially in summer.

• Body fluid shifts: an example is cirrhosis of the liver with fluid in the abdominal cavity (as cites).

• Tetany: in Tetany, all of the nerve cells in the body are activated, which than stimulate the muscles throughout the body.

• Myalgia: means muscle pain. There are many specific causes of various type of Myalgia. Myalgia can be temporary or chronic. “Myalgia” is made up of “my (o)” from the Greek “myos” meaning muscles and “algia” from the Greek “algos” meaning pain.

Homeopathic treatment:
Rhus tox:
• Cramp in cold water in swimmers
• Cramps in calf muscles at night by stretching the legs in bed.

Cyclamen:
• Writers cramp; pain in part of hand where bones lie near surface; worse cold

Arnica:
• Cramps due to fatigue; bruise feeling as if beaten

Cuprum met:
• Cramps of calf muscles
• Soles and palms
• Beginning from fingers and toes; spasmodic

Aesculus glab:
• Cramps of abdomen

Headache

2009-11-19T04:38:00.000-08:00

Headache is a nervous complain, and it characterized by various type of pains or discomfort in different parts of the head.

There are many different causes and modes of onset, duration, intensity or other condition relating to it.

Causes

1. Jaundice and Hepatitis
2. HIV
3. Gout
4. Hypoxemia
5. Acute fever
6. Influenza
7. Heat-stroke
8. Mountain riding and climbing
9. Vomiting
10. Morning sickness during prey
11. Frontal sinusitis
12. Head injury
13. Rheumatism of muscles of the neck
14. From coryza or out growth or septum
15. Structural defects
16. In the eye, from week sight (irritant) or glaucoma
17. In teeth from inflammation
18. Severe weather
19. Neuralgia
20. Cerebral disorders such as meningitis
21. Syphilis, growth, abscess
22. High and low blood pressure
23. Grief
24. Mental work
25. Anemia
26. Disorder of females
27. Sexual excesses
28. Certain exercise
29. Some sort of poisoning
30. Noise and noising profession
31. Certain chemical and industrial fumes
32. Chronic nephritis
33. After effects of epilepsy, hysteria and migraine
34. Sea or air sickness
35. Depressor in the atmospheric pressure
36. Gastritis
37. Chronic constipation

Homeopathic remedies:

Ipecac:

· Constant nausea
. Tongue clean

Belladonna:

· Severe thrombing pain
· Rush of blood towards head

Antim-crud:

· Over eating
· Stomach disorders
· Tongue thickly whitish coated
· Worse bathing specially river bathing

Gelsemium:

· Headache starts from the nape of neck and shift over to head
· Desire to lie down quietly
· Better passing urine

Bryonia:

· Bursting headache
· Worse by stooping and movements
· Excessive thirst
· Constipation

Ignatia:
· Nervous headache
· After grief
· Disappointment
· Worse inhaling smoke

Ruta:

· Due to eye strain
· Disturbances of accommodation of eye sight

Health and beauty tips

2009-11-14T02:45:00.000-08:00

Tips for Hair

2009-11-09T10:56:00.000-08:00

Hair are big problem in these days mostly people complaint for it that they have problems of hair falling, rough hair, dry hair, dandruff and other more problems. To know about these problems first we understand what are hair? How they perform their role in our life.

What are hair?
God give his blessings to the world and we use them for our need, if we look our self we see that God give us many blessings like, eyes used for see, ear used for listen, nose used for smell, hand for working, foot for walking like these God give us hair. Hair are also important especially for identification in males and females. Due to the hair we are looking very beautiful, if u change your hair stile your face look is also looking change. Think if we do not have hairs, how do we look? We look like this

How can we care our hair?
Hair are also on the animal body and their body covered with hair but they are looking awkward. They can not care of their hair like human being. We care our hair by washing them, combing them and many other ways we use for our hair. The real beauty in human being is due to their hair.
Students and all the people they do extra mental work have also problem of hair falling, rough and dry hair. They do extra mental work and take no diet for it due to this their hair became rough and falling and may also be discolored.

Tips for hair:
The care of hair is not very difficult. The people who have no time for their hair and want that their hair are looking beautiful like others. They use these tips that are as follow:

1. Take milk in daily routine with 2 spoon honey in it at night before sleep.

2. Use honey in hairs like oil 1 or 2 times in a week for 1 hour and wash hair with little hot water and use soap not shampoo. There are chemicals in shampoo and that are not good for hair. If u wants to use shampoo then use only herbal shampoos that are pure.
3. Shampoo your hair only two times in a week.
4. Don’t use plastic comb, use wood comb or steel brush.
5. Don’t use drier to dry hair. Heat is very bad for the hair, due to heat hair are became rough, dry and lifeless.
6. Try to avoid extra spices because spices are also bad for hair, hair falling is a big reason due to spices.

Peptic Ulcers

2009-11-02T22:44:00.000-08:00

What are Peptic ulcers?
An ulcer is an open sore or lesion that is typically found on the skin or the mucous membranous areas of the digestive canal. An ulcer in the lining on the stomach and duodenum is referred to as a peptic ulcer.
Gastric ulcer:
When the peptic ulcer located in the stomach it is referred to as a gastric ulcer.

Duodenal ulcer:
When it is located in the duodenum it is referred to as a duodenum it is referred as a duodenal ulcer.
An ulcer is neither contageious nor cancerous. Ulcers are always almost being however, some may be come malignant.
Size:
The common size of an ulcer is between 1/8 of an inch and 3/8 of an inch.
Causes of gastric and duodenal ulcers:
The causes of peptic ulcers on be from both life style factors as well as (bacterial ulcer) presence of a bacterial infection.
Most research demonstrates that approximately 80 %of gastric ulcers and 90 % of duodenal ulcer caused by an infection of bacterium know as Helicobacter Pylori (H.Pylori).

Other factors in the developing of peptic ulcer:
1. Smoking
2. Caffeine
3. Alcohol
4. A family history of ulcers
5. Type O blood group (for duodenal ulcer)
6. Stress
7. Acid and Pepsin
8. Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as aspirin)

Sign and symptoms of peptic ulcers:
The most common symptoms of peptic ulcer are a burning, or gnawing sensation in the stomach, most often after eating.
This can occur immediately after eating or half hours after eating.
This pan often feels like hurt burn, indigestion or hunger pains and can last any where 30 seconds to 3 hours.
The pains often awaken the individual at night, drinking milk, resting and take anti acids can help to diminish the pain.

Other sign and symptoms may include:
1. Belching
2. Nausea
3. Vomiting
4. Poor appetite
5. Weight loss
6. Felling weak and tired
7. Abdominal pain

Piles or Hemorrhoids

2009-10-28T14:33:00.000-07:00

The term hemorrhoids refers to the condition in which the veins around the anus or lower rectum are swollen and inflamed hemorrhoids (also known as hemorrhoids, or pile) are varicosities or swollen and inflammation of veins in the rectum and anus.
Hemorrhoids are either inside the anus (internal) or under the skin around the anus.

1. External hemorrhoids:
External hemorrhoids are those that occur outside of the anal verge (the distal end of the anal canal). They are sometimes painful and can be accompanied by swelling and irritation.

2. Internal hemorrhoids:

Internal hemorrhoids are those that occur inside the rectum as this area lacks pain receptors. Internal hemorrhoids are usually not painful and most people are not aware that they have them.

Internal hemorrhoids, however may bleed when irritated.

Hemorrhoids are common in both men and women.

Hemorrhoids in pregnant women:

Hemorrhoids are also common among pregnant women. The pressure of the fetus in the abdomen, as well as normal changes causes the hemorrhoids vessels to enlarge. These vessels are also placed under severe pressure during childbirth.

For most women however, hemorrhoids caused by pregnancy are a temporary problem.

Causes:

1. Staring to move stool.
2. Pregnancy
3. Aging
4. Chronic constipation
5. Diarrhea
6. Mostly sitting
7. Obesity
8. Hypertension
9. Inadequate intake of fiber
10. Tumors of pelvis

Symptoms:

1. Pain in anal canal
2. Bleeding during passing stool
3. Itching around rectum also called pruritis ani
4. Pain during passing stool
5. Irritation after passing stool

6. Protruding hemorrhoids

Internal hemorrhoids are bright red blood covering the stool, on toilet paper, or in the toilet bowl. However internal hemorrhoids may protrude through the anus out side the body, becoming irritated and painful. This is known as a protruding hemorrhoid.

7. Thrombosed hemorrhoids

External hemorrhoids may include painful swelling or a hard lump around the anus that result when a blood clot forms. This condition is known as thrombosed external hemorrhoids.

Homeopathic medication:

Arsenicum album, Aloe, Calc flour, Collinsonia, Hammamelis, Lachesis, Nitric acid, Nux vom, Ratania, Sulphur

Nausea and Vomiting

2009-10-28T13:21:00.000-07:00

Nausea and vomiting are not diseases but rather are symptoms of many different conditions, such as

1. Infections.

2. Food poisoning.
3. Motion sickness.
4. Over eating.
5. Blocked intestine.
6. Illness.
7. Concussion or brain injury.
8. Appendicitis.
9. Migraines.

Nausea and vomiting can sometime be symptoms of more serious diseases such as
1. Heart attacks.
2. Kidney or liver disorders.
3. Central nervous system disorders.
4. Brain tumors.
5. Some forms of cancer.

Nausea:
Nausea is an uneasiness of the stomach that often accompanies the urge to vomit, but don’t always lead to vomiting.

Vomiting:
1. Vomiting is the forcible emptying (“throwing up”) of stomach contents through the mouth.
2. Usually vomiting is harmless, but it can be a sign of more serious illness. Some examples of serious condition may bring on nausea or vomiting includes concussions, encephalitis, meningitis, intestinal blockage, appendicitis and migraine and brain tumors.
3. Another concern with vomiting is dehydration. Adults have a lower risk of becoming dehydrated because they can usually detect the symptoms of dehydration (such as increased thirst and dry lips and mouth). Children have a great risk of becoming dehydrated, especially if the vomiting occurs with diarrhea, because young children may often be unable to tell an adult about the symptoms of dehydration.
4. Pregnant women also experience nausea and vomiting. Commonly referred to as morning sickness.
It is estimated that 50 to 90 percent women experience nausea while 25 to 55 percent experience vomiting.
Causes:
1. The causes of nausea and vomiting are quite similar. Many things can bring on nausea.
2. Some common causes are seasickness and other motion sickness, early pregnancy, intense of pain, exposure to chemical toxins, emotional stress (fear), gall bladder diseases, food poisoning, indigestion, various viruses and certain smell or odors.

How to control nausea?
1. If u feel nausea take a cup of tea it clear the nausea symptom within a minute.
1. Drink clear or ice-cold drinks.
2. Eat light, bland foods (such as salting crackers or plain bread).
3. Avoid fried, greasy, sweet foods.
4. Eat slowly and eat smaller, more frequent meals.
5. Do not mix hot and cold foods.
6. Avoid activity after eating.
7. Avoid bushing your teeth after eating.
8. Choose foods from all the food groups as you can tolerate them to get adequate nutrition.

Female Pelvic

2009-10-28T08:37:00.000-07:00

Definition:

The pelvic is shallow bony cavity through which the fetus must pass during labour.

Function:

The primary function of the pelvic girdle is to allow movement of the body, especially walking and running. It permits the person to sit and kneel. The women’s pelvis is adapted for child bearing and because of its increase width and rounded brim women are less speedy than men. The pelvis transmits the weight of trunk to the legs, acting as a bridge between the femurs.

The pelvis also takes the weight of the sitting body on to the Ischial tuberosities. The sacrum transmits the cauda equina and distributes the nerves to the various parts of the pelvis.

Pelvic bones:

There are four pelvic bones.

1. Two in nominate (nameless) or hip bones

2. One sacrum

3. One coccyx

Details:

Innominate bone:

Each innominate bone is composed of three parts.

1. The Ilium:

The Ilium is the large flared-out-part. When the hands are placed on the hip it rests of on the iliac crest, which is the upper part.

2. The Ischium:

The ischium is the thick lower part. It has a large prominence known as the ischial tuberosity, on which the body rests when sitting.

3. The pubic bone:

This bone forms the anterior part. It has a body and two oar like projection, the superior rams and the inferior ramus. The two public bones meet at the symphysis pubis and the two inferior rami form the pubic arch.

The sacrum:

The sacrum is a wedge shaped bone consisting of five fused vertebrae. The upper border of the sacral vertebrae just forward and is known as the sacral promontory. The anterior surface of the sacrum is concave and is referred to as the hollow of the sacrum. Laterally the sacrum extends into a wing or ala. Four pairs of holes or foramina pierce the sacrum and, through these, nerves from the cauda equina emerge to supply the pelvic organs. The posterior surface is roughened to receive attachments of muscles.

The coccyx:

The coccyx is a vestigial tail. It consists of four fused vertebrae forming a small triangular bone.

Pelvic floor

2009-10-28T04:59:00.000-07:00

The pelvic floor is formed by the soft tissues that fill the outlet of pelvis. The most important of these is the strong diaphragm of muscle slung like a hammock from the wall of the pelvis. Through it pass the urethra, the vagina and the anal canal.

Function:

The pelvic floor supports the weight of the abdominal and pelvic organs. Its muscles are responsible for the voluntary control of micturition and defecation and play an important part in sexual intercourse. During childbirth it influences the passive movements of the fetus through the birth canal and relaxes to allow the exit of the fetus from the pelvis.

Muscle layer:

The superficial layer:

This layer is composed of five muscles.

1. The external anal sphincter encircles the anus and is attached behind by few fibers to the coccyx.

2. The transverse perineal muscles pass from the ischial tuberosities to the center of the perineum.

3. The bulbocavernosus muscle pass from the perineum forwards around the vagina to the corpora cavernosa of the clitoris just under the pubic arch.

4. The ischiocavernosus muscles pass from the ischial tuberosities along the pubic arch to the corpora cavernosa.

5. The membranous sphincter of the urethra is composed of muscles fibers passing above and below the urethra and attached to the pubic bones. It is not a true sphincter since it is not circular, but it acts to close the urethra.

The deep layer:

This layer is composed of three pairs of muscles, which together are known as the levator ani muscles (left and right) consist of following:

1. The pubococcygeus muscle passes from the pubic to the coccyx, with a few fibers crossing over in the perineal body to form its deepest part.

2. The iliococcygeus muscle passes from the fascia covering the obturator internus muscle (the white line of the pelvic fascia) to the coccyx.

3. The ischiococcygeus muscle passes from the ischial spine to the coccyx, in front of the sacrospinous ligament.

Between the muscle layers, and also above and below them, there are layers of pelvic fascia. This is loose areolar tissue that is used like packing material in the space. The tissue that fills the triangular space between the bulbocavernosus, the ischiocavernosus and the transverse perineal muscles is known as the triangular ligament.

The perineal body:

This is a pyramid of muscle and fibrous tissue situated between the vagina and the rectum. It is made up of the fibers from the muscles described above. The apex, which is the deepest part, is formed from the fibers of the pubococcygeus muscle, which cross over at this point; the base is formed from the transverse perineal muscles, which meet in the perineum, together with the bulbocavernosus in front and the external anal sphincter behind. The perineal body measures 4 cm in each direction.